Effect of compaction on soil properties

Physical ChangesReduction of pore spaceShift in pore size distributionReduction of infiltrationReduction in aeration (gaseous diffusion)Warm and cool more slowly than uncompacted soils
Chemical ChangesReduction in nutrient availability as a result of less root penetration and absorption because of low oxygenDecrease in organic matter decomposition
Biological ChangesDirect and indirect effect on soil organisms

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